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Magma erupting in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park

8 Magma and Lava Types and Their Characteristics

Magma refers to hot, molten, or semi-molten rocks under the Earth’s surface, while lava refers to magma that makes it

Categories Volcanology
Garnet peridotite an ultramafic rock example

Understanding Ultramafic Rocks, Magmas or Minerals 

Ultramafic is a common term in geology, GEOsciences, Earth sciences, or geography. It is commonly used in igneous rocks, their

Categories Rocks
Diorite is an example of rock with coarse-grained or phaneritic texture

Coarse-Grained or Phaneritic Texture

The coarse-grained or phaneritic texture is an igneous rock texture in which you can see and distinguish individual minerals without

Categories Rocks
Calciocarbonatite or sövite one of the varieties of carbonatites

Carbonatites Composition and Formation

Carbonatites are uncommon and strange igneous rocks with more than 50% carbonate minerals by volume and less than 20 wt.

Categories Rocks
Hornblende andesite an example of rock from intermediate magma or lava

Understanding Intermediate Magmas and Lavas

To understand intermediate magmas and lavas well and their characteristics, you need to know their composition lies between mafic and

Categories Volcanology
Solar radiation from sun causes insolation or thermal expansion weathering

Insolation or Thermal Expansion Weathering

Insolation or thermal expansion weathering refers to rock breakdown that happens when rocks contract and expand. Some authors call it

Categories Weathering
Tidal waves can cause wetting and drying weathering

Slaking or Wetting and Drying Weathering

Wetting and drying or slaking is an example of mechanical or physical weathering. It occurs when rocks exposed to the

Categories Weathering
Dunite, a coarse-grained greenish ultramafic plutonic rock

Dunite Rock Composition and Uses

Dunite is an ultramafic plutonic or intrusive igneous rock in which olivine exceeds 90% by volume. Ultramafic means it has

Categories Rocks
Pyroxenite rock

Pyroxenite Rock Composition and Formation

Pyroxenite is coarse-grained ultramafic, mostly plutonic rock. Ultramafic means they have at least 90% dark-colored minerals rich in iron and

Categories Rocks
Granite, a common magma formed from felsic magmas

What Are Felsic Magmas and Lavas

Felsic magmas and lavas are proportionately higher in lighter elements like oxygen, silicon, aluminum, sodium, or potassium and lower in

Categories Volcanology
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