Basalt Properties, Composition and Formation
Basalt is a mafic or dark-colored, volcanic or extrusive igneous rock. Mafic refers to rocks high in dark-colored minerals rich
Geology
What Are Thundereggs (Thunder Eggs) and Where to Find Them?
Thundereggs or thunder eggs are nearly spherical structures or rocky bodies filled with mineral masses or crystals in rhyolite volcanic
What are Druses or Druzy Crystals, and their Examples
Druses are small to medium irregular cavities in rocks lined by small, well-formed clusters or aggregates of projecting crystals, usually
What Are Vugs and How Do They Form
Vugs are small to medium irregular cavities, pores, or voids in rocks often lined with mineral crystals whose composition differs
What Are Amygdales and Amygdaloidal Rocks
Amygdales are small, round, or almond-shaped vesicles partly or fully filled with secondary minerals mostly common in volcanic or extrusive
Amygdaloidal Basalts Texture and Composition
Amygdaloidal basalts are basalt rocks with vesicles partially or fully filled with secondary minerals. The filled vesicles are called amygdales,
What Is Sheeting, Unloading or Exfoliation Weathering
Sheeting, exfoliation, or unloading is a physical weathering process. It happens when deeply buried rocks break into concentric slabs or
Salt Crystal Growth, Wedging, or Salt Weathering
Salt weathering or salt crystal growth is physical or mechanical weathering. It is caused by the growth, expansion, or hydration
What Is Ice or Frost Wedging Weathering?
Ice or frost wedging is a mechanical or physical weathering process. It happens when water repeatedly seeps into rock cracks
Pyroclastic flows or Clouds and Surges Guide
Pyroclastic flows, pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), or pyroclastic clouds are dense, ground-hugging, hot gases laden with volcanic debris racing down